ETHNO, TUGAS INDIVIDU

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1. WHAT  IS  ETHNOGRAPHY?

(Definition taken from the Glossary of Terms written by Simon Coleman and Bob Simpson) "Ethnography is the recording and analysis of a culture or society, usually based on participant-observation and resulting in a written account of a people, place or institution". Traditionally, ethnographies have focused in depth on a bounded and definable group of people; such as the Nuer, or a particular North Indian village. Today, they are just as likely to focus on a particular aspect of contemporary social life; such as new reproductive technologies, the meanings of the veil, virtual communication, or being a Milwall football club fan. The concept of ethnography has been developed within social anthropology; but the term is now sometimes used in a looser way in for example opinion and market research.

2.   STEP OF DOING ETHNOGRAPHY RESEARCH

Ethnography Procedure, the data collection process begins are :

First, you have to gain access to the population being studied. There are two access types you will encounter when conducting ethnographic research: open access and closed access.

Open access is when the researcher does not need permission to collect data and observe the population. For example, communities, groups in malls, concerts, and any other public settings are considered open access. However, the researcher must be accepted by the group in order to conduct research. Without this acceptance the researcher will probably be able to make observations but cannot take the research any further by conducting interviews with individual group members or ascertain other relevant information.

Closed access is when the researcher needs permission and introductions from the 'gatekeeper' of the population. For example, hospitals, schools, and corporations are considered closed access. For your research, you will need permission from the teacher of the classroom, the principal of the school, the school district, and maybe even the students' parents.

Access is critical because without it observations cannot be verified through interviews and the researcher cannot gain access to other important information that may inform the study, such as group artifacts, history, and the environment. Once access has been granted, the researcher begins to collect data by conducting long-term observations and in-depth interviews with the population. The interviews provide the researcher with a cross-check on assumptions and observations made. This period of data collection is on-going until the research is complete.

 3. GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF ETHNOGRAPHY TITLE !

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4. HOW TO ANALYZE THE ETHNOGRAPHY DATA ?

There are three analytical techniques in ethnography to find the themes of culture, yiatu (1) domain, (2) taxonomy, (3) componential. In the domain analysis, the result is a knowledge / understanding at the level of the "surface" of the various domains or conceptual categories (categories symbolic that include or accommodate a number of categories or certain other symbols).

Domain or category of symbolic meaning / understanding the broader category / symbol. Relations between symbolic categories that are systematic relationships that are universal, there are at least nine types of relationships that can be used to systematically explore existing domain (Faisal, 1990: 91-92), namely:

1. Type (Strict inclution) X is a type of Y

2. Space (Spatial) X is Y, X is part of Y

3. Cause and Effect (Cause-Effect) X is the result / outcome of Y, X is the cause of Y

Domain analysis is definitely not a detailed and profound as a product of the activities of explorers. Further analysis is the analysis of the taxonomy. In this analysis domains that have tracked more detailed internal structure. To that end, detailed interviews and observations with a note in his field. The researchers did not just stop knowing a number of categories / symbols included in the domain, but keep track of the possibility of sub-sub-set that might be covered and presented in the form of box diagram, lines and knots or outline form. So, in the domain analysis with "organizing" or collecting elements berkesamaan in a domain ".